My current research involves a study of the incidence and prosecution of violence involving migrants in Scotland, Canada and the United States of America.  This research is based on local studies of violence and the law in major cities in nineteenth-century North America (New York, Philadelphia, San Francisco and Toronto) and in rural and industrial regions of the US and Canada as well as cities and industrial areas in Scotland, particularly in Glasgow. 

Research interests

• Modern Irish history
• The Irish in Scotland and North America
• The history of violence in Europe and North America
• Legal history
• The history of migration